Car shifting soft/not going into gears but clutch feels fine?

So my car randomly will go into some gears or won't. Once it's in a gear it will stay but it feels like I'm trying to shift in mashed potatoes or something. I have not taken it apart yet as its effing cold and I'd like to have some kind of direction where to look before I start ripping everything apart.

Could someone suggest something as to what may be the problem? I have never experienced this, ever.